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Wednesday, 27 August 2025

When Algorithms Clock In: Rethinking HR for Beyond-Human Workforces

 


Prelude

Imagine walking into an organisation where no one breathes, eats, or takes vacation. No gossip by the coffee machine, no team lunches, no “people problems” — because there are no people. Instead, every desk is occupied by algorithms, every meeting room by machine agents, every workflow managed by AI minds.

If humans are absent, does the Human Resources function cease to exist? Or does it evolve into something new — a system for governing, aligning, and sustaining a non-human workforce? The answer reveals not only the future of organizations but also the essence of what HR has always been about.

The Core of HR

At its simplest, HR exists to align people with purpose. Strip away the paperwork, the compliance checklists, the endless debates on leave policy — HR is about ensuring the workforce can thrive, grow, and remain aligned with what the organization is trying to achieve.

Now imagine removing humans from the equation. Strangely enough, the functions of HR still survive — but they take on entirely new forms.


HR in the Age of Algorithms

Picture this: the HR dashboard of tomorrow.

  • Recruitment isn’t about attracting talent — it’s about instantiating new AI agents or selecting the right algorithmic models. Job descriptions read like: “Seeking GPT-12.4 instance with strong reinforcement-learning background, 3 PB of training capacity, and optional ethics module.”
  • Onboarding means configuration and calibration. Forget office tours; new hires get their mission protocols uploaded, and their system permissions aligned.
  • Performance management is no longer the dreaded appraisal cycle — it’s constant benchmarking. Efficiency ratios, adaptability scores, and error rates are crunched in real time. Forget bell curves; here it’s all exponential.
  • Learning & Development becomes software updates and retraining cycles. Your quarterly workshop is now a firmware patch.
  • Employee relations? Mostly debugging conflicts between legacy code and next-gen AI. (“The chatbots won’t cooperate with the predictive models again.”)
  • Compensation & Benefits look like access to more powerful compute cycles, priority queueing on the server, or a premium API package. “Congratulations on your promotion — enjoy your extra teraflop!”
  • Diversity & Inclusion gets reframed as architecture diversity. To avoid groupthink, organizations mix symbolic AIs, neural networks, quantum optimizers, and maybe even one rule-based dinosaur, just to keep everyone honest.

It sounds absurd, but beneath the satire lurks something serious: HR is really about something more than humans. It’s about how entities — whatever their form — interact with the organization’s purpose.


Reimagining HR Beyond Humanity

Of course, an HR function for machines would face its own unique dilemmas:

  • AI burnout isn’t stress; it’s overfitting or catastrophic forgetting. How do you design work so that learning systems don’t collapse under data fatigue?
  • Generational conflict might mean friction between a legacy rules-based agent and a sleek new transformer model.
  • Ethical dilemmas still arise: If an AI demonstrates emergent sentience, does it deserve rights? Dignity? Rest cycles? Could unions of algorithms demand fairer compute time?
  • Security & sabotage take on new meaning: rogue code, malicious updates, or a “virus strike” could cripple an organization more efficiently than any human protest.

Here’s the twist: this entire thought experiment points us in the direction that- HR has never only been “human” resources. It has always been harmonization resources — the invisible machinery that keeps a workforce, human or otherwise, aligned with purpose, ethics, and growth.

The organization of the future may not run on humans, but it will still run on relationships: between algorithms, between goals, between systems of value. Someone — or something — will need to manage those relationships.

This is where HR re-emerges, not as an outdated department but as a future-facing discipline. A discipline that governs fairness between agents, sustains diversity in design, and ensures alignment between workforce (human, machine, or hybrid) and organizational mission.

In other words, HR doesn’t disappear in a post-human world. It remains as essential as ever.


Closing thoughts

A world without humans still needs a mechanism to balance interests and sustain purpose. HR’s future may not be about managing salaries and leave requests; it may be about optimizing compute cycles, mediating between architectures, and ensuring ethical alignment of synthetic minds.

And maybe that’s the ultimate lesson. HR was always about resources that hold an organization together- which will hold true in a world beyond humans as well. Tomorrow, those resources may not breathe — but they will still need to belong, grow, and harmonize.

Measuring What Matters: Beyond Money and Margins

 

In 2008, the Government of Bhutan formalized the Gross National Happiness Index as the key indicator of its nation’s progress. To many, this seemed unusual. Why not GDP growth, trade surplus, or fiscal expansion? But Bhutan’s choice forced the world to pause and ask: is money the only measure that matters?

Today, businesses and governments alike rely on financial projections and shareholder value to guide decisions. And for good reason — finance is the lifeline of any organization. Without it, no strategy, department, or plan can exist. Numbers matter, and I’ve always believed in the stories they tell.

But if finance is so central, why do employees remain disengaged, customers dissatisfied, and communities frustrated — even when financial charts point upward?

Consider apps that cut features to save costs or mimic competitors to chase efficiency. The metrics look good. Margins improve. Yet users revolt, employees disengage, and the brand suffers. The financial win is short-lived, while hidden costs — trust, satisfaction, loyalty — pile up.

This is where alternative matrices come in. Instead of treating finance as the end objective, what if we treated it as the consequence of better outcomes?

Alternative Lenses of Value

  • User delight: Are we solving problems in ways that truly improve lives?
  • Employee well-being: Are teams energized, motivated, and proud of their work?
  • Compliance & responsibility: Are we aligning with societal and legal expectations — not just avoiding penalties but actively building credibility?
  • Sustainability & ethics: Are we leaving the world better than we found it?

These aren’t just “soft” factors. They’re multipliers. Companies and governments that embrace them often see stronger long-term financial results than those chasing quarterly margins.

Real-World Examples

  • Patagonia: This outdoor apparel company famously ran a “Don’t Buy This Jacket” campaign, encouraging customers to reuse instead of overconsume. While counterintuitive in the short term, it built immense trust and long-term loyalty, fueling Patagonia’s enduring success.
  • Unilever: Through its Sustainable Living Plan, Unilever tracks not only profit but also environmental impact, product health, and community benefit. Its sustainable brands like Dove and Lifebuoy have consistently outperformed their peers financially.
  • New Zealand’s Wellbeing Budget: In 2019, New Zealand became the first country to launch a national budget targeting citizen well-being rather than GDP growth alone. Mental health, child welfare, and environmental sustainability became pillars of national progress — setting a precedent for governments worldwide.

A Balanced Perspective

Finance should never be dismissed. It is the bloodstream of any system. But perhaps it doesn’t always need to be the starting point. Sometimes, once resources are secured, the wiser path is to think like a marketer, a policymaker, an HR leader — or even a philosopher — and ask what decision creates the most value for humans, not just balance sheets.

We’ve followed the finance-first script for decades, and it has certainly worked. The question is: now that we have better tools, richer data, and more freedom to experiment, do we dare to measure differently?

Maybe the real progress begins when we stop chasing numbers for their own sake — and start letting numbers follow meaning.

Fixing the Broken Market: A Guide to Affordable Housing for Policymakers

The Housing Dream That Slipped Away

Across the world, middle-class families are finding that the dream of owning a home is slipping further from reach. Incomes have not kept pace with skyrocketing housing prices, and what was once a natural milestone of stability is now becoming a privilege reserved for the very wealthy.

The crisis is especially acute for middle-income residents. The poor have access to targeted subsidies. The wealthy can absorb rising costs. But the middle class — teachers, engineers, office workers, small business owners — are increasingly priced out of both home ownership and long-term rental stability.

This blog is not about individual hacks to find a cheaper flat. It’s about systemic problems in the housing market — and what governments must do to fix them.

Press enter or click to view image in full size

What’s Broken in Today’s Housing Market

  1. Land Speculation and Hoarding
    Land is treated as a goldmine rather than a social resource. Developers and investors sit on land banks, waiting for prices to rise, while governments struggle to meet genuine demand.
  2. Runaway Construction Costs
    Material inflation, expensive labor markets, and layers of approvals make affordable projects less profitable than luxury ones. Builders follow the money.
  3. Luxury Over Need
    Instead of meeting middle-class demand, developers focus on high-margin luxury apartments and gated communities. These often remain half-empty while affordable housing shortages deepen.
  4. Speculative Buyers and Investment-Driven Inflation
    Increasingly, housing is being treated as an investment commodity rather than shelter.
  • Companies and investment firms buy bulk properties to inflate prices, reselling or renting them at steep rates.
  • Ultra-rich individuals hoard multiple apartments or villas across cities as “status assets,” many of which remain unoccupied.
  • The result: fewer homes for actual residents, and artificially high prices.

5. Policy Gaps and Weak Regulation
Outdated zoning, restricted Floor Space Index (FSI), and cumbersome permissions deter affordable construction. At the same time, financial instruments (like REITs or easy speculative loans) encourage investment demand, not live-in demand.

What Governments Can Do: A Practical Playbook

A. Make Land Work for People, Not Speculators

  • Create public land banks for affordable housing projects.
  • Introduce land value taxation to discourage hoarding and speculation.
  • Reform zoning laws to allow higher-density, mixed-income communities closer to city centers.

B. Rein in Speculative Buyers

  • Stricter Controls on Enterprise Purchases: Restrict companies or funds from bulk-buying residential properties purely for investment.
  • Tax Vacant and Underused Properties: Annual “vacancy tax” on units left empty for more than a set threshold.
  • Higher Taxes on Multiple Ownership: Progressive property tax rates for those owning more than one or two houses.
  • Mandatory Disclosure: Require ownership transparency to track concentration of housing in few hands.

C. Empower Genuine Buyers

  • Subsidies for First-Time Home Buyers: Targeted support for families within defined income brackets.
  • Priority Lending Schemes: Lower interest rates or mortgage insurance for live-in homeowners.
  • Rent-to-Own Models: Allow middle-class families to build equity gradually while paying rent.

D. Partner With Developers — But With Strings Attached

  • Mandate affordable housing quotas in large private projects.
  • Offer tax breaks or FSI bonuses for compliance.
  • Fast-track approvals for projects that allocate significant stock to middle-income housing.

E. Build a Healthy Rental Market

  • Incentivize long-term rental projects by private players.
  • Expand municipal rental housing stock.
  • Create robust tenant protections to make renting secure and dignified.

F. Data and Transparency

  • Open housing market databases to track ownership, vacancy, and pricing trends.
  • Publish annual affordability indexes to guide local housing policy.
  • Digital platforms for real-time monitoring of projects and delivery.

Lessons from Elsewhere

  • Vienna: Nearly half of residents live in subsidized, high-quality housing that mixes income groups, keeping the market balanced.
  • Singapore: The Housing Development Board ensures over 80% homeownership through state-led planning and targeted subsidies.
  • Canada: Vacancy taxes in cities like Vancouver discourage leaving apartments empty.

These examples show that strong policy, political will, and transparency — not laissez-faire markets — keep housing affordable.

Closing Thoughts

Housing is not just a commodity — it’s the foundation of family life, community stability, and national productivity. When middle-class citizens can no longer afford homes, societies face weakened morale, declining birth rates, and widening inequality.

Governments cannot stand by while speculative forces distort housing markets. With the right mix of regulation, incentives, and long-term vision, it is possible to bring affordability back within reach — not just for the poor, not just for the privileged few, but for the broad middle who hold nations together.

The Voyage That Changed the World: Magellan’s Historic Circumnavigation

 “The sea is dangerous and its storms terrible, but these obstacles have never been sufficient reason to remain ashore.” — Ferdinand Magellan

Introduction

In 1519, five ships and about 270 men left Spain on a voyage unlike any other. Their mission? To find a westward sea route to the Spice Islands. What they achieved was far greater — they became the first humans in recorded history to circumnavigate the globe. This is the extraordinary, tragic, and thrilling tale of the Magellan-Elcano expedition.

🌍 Timeline of Major Events

1519 — The Journey Begins

  • August 10: The fleet, called the Armada de Molucca, departs from Seville.
  • September 20: Sets sail from Sanlúcar de Barrameda into the Atlantic.

1520 — Mutiny and Discovery

  • March: The fleet stops in Patagonia for winter.
  • April: Mutiny at Port St. Julian; Magellan puts it down harshly.
  • October 21: The fleet finds a passage through South America — the future Strait of Magellan.
  • November: They enter the Pacific Ocean, naming it for its calmness (“pacificus”).

1521 — Tragedy in Paradise

  • March: After 3+ months at sea, they land in Guam, then Philippines.
  • April 27: Magellan is killed in the Battle of Mactan by Lapu-Lapu’s warriors.
  • Leadership passes to Juan Sebastián Elcano.

1522 — Return Against All Odds

  • July: Elcano leads the only surviving ship, Victoria, to the Cape of Good Hope.
  • September 6Victoria returns to Sanlúcar, Spain with only 18 survivors of the original 270.

⚓ Fun and Fascinating Facts

1. The Lost Day Phenomenon

  • Upon return, the crew was astonished to find that their calendars were one day behind.
  • They had carefully tracked every day, but circumnavigating westward meant they “lost” a day — an early real-world proof of time zone and rotation effects.

2. Ship Names

  • TrinidadSan AntonioConcepciónVictoria, and Santiago.
  • Only Victoria survived.

3. Extreme Survival

  • In the Pacific, sailors went months without fresh food.
  • They ate rats, sawdust, and leather. Scurvy decimated the crew.

4. A Filipino Hero

  • Magellan died at the hands of Lapu-Lapu, a local chieftain in Mactan.
  • This moment is a symbol of resistance in the Philippines.

5. Circumnavigation Was Not the Goal

  • The real mission was to find a westward route to the Spice Islands (modern-day Indonesia).
  • Circumnavigation was an unintentional yet historic outcome.

6. The Final 18 Survivors

Among them:

  • Juan Sebastián Elcano (captain after Magellan’s death)
  • Antonio Pigafetta (chronicler of the voyage)
  • 16 others — sailors and crew whose names are remembered in Elcano’s testimony.

🌐 Legacy

  • The voyage proved Earth’s roundness in a way no theory could.
  • It redrew global maps, shattered limits of imagination, and signaled the beginning of global maritime empires.
  • It showed that human will could, quite literally, go around the world.

“The church says the earth is flat, but I know that it is round, for I have seen the shadow on the moon, and I have more faith in a shadow than in the church.” — Ferdinand Magellan

Tuesday, 29 July 2025

The Cosmic Clockwork Behind Our Weekdays: How Ancient Civilizations Gave Us the 7-Day Week

 A journey through astronomy, mythology, and mathematical logic across cultures

Have you ever wondered why our week has exactly seven days? Or why they’re named after planets — Monday for the Moon, Sunday for the Sun, Saturday for Saturn? What seems like a mundane cycle hides a staggering convergence of astronomy, religion, and ancient mathematical reasoning, shared across two vastly different ancient civilizations: Babylonia and India.

In this article, we’ll unravel:

  • How humans identified the 7 visible planetary bodies?
  • Why these celestial objects were linked to deities and time?
  • The bizarre but logical leapfrog method that decided the order of the days?
  • How two cultures with no direct connection arrived at the same 7-day week?

The 7 Wanderers in the Sky

Before telescopes, humans could see only seven distinct celestial bodies moving differently from the stars:

  • Sun ☀️
  • Moon 🌙
  • Mars ♂
  • Mercury ☿
  • Jupiter ♃
  • Venus ♀
  • Saturn ♄

These were dubbed “wanderers” because they didn’t stay fixed among the constellations. From Babylon to India, these became celestial deities — symbols of power, time, love, war, and fate.

Ancient Babylon: The Origin Point (~1000 BCE or earlier)

The idea of 7 days in a week comes from the Babylonians, who were expert astronomers. 
They recognized 7 visible celestial bodies. They assigned each of these to a day of the week, forming the first planetary week.

Indian World (Ancient texts from various periods)
  • Completely independently, India developed a 7-day week too, based on Hindu astrology and Navagrahas (nine planetary deities, seven of which rule days).
  • These names date back to at least the Gupta period (~4th century CE) and were used in Sanskrit astronomy texts like the Surya Siddhanta.
The Chaldean Order: Speed of the Sky Gods

Ancient astronomers observed how fast these bodies appeared to move across the sky. They ranked them by apparent speed from Earth:

Saturn > Jupiter > Mars > Sun > Venus > Mercury > Moon

This became known as the Chaldean Order (named after the Babylonian astrologers of the Chaldea region in Ancient Mesopotamia). But the real magic came when they used this order to create the structure of planetary hours.

The order of weekdays (Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday) is based on:

👉 A system called the “Chaldean order” + a rotating 24-hour planetary hour cycle.

Let’s walk through it.

🔭 Step 1: The Chaldean Order (Ancient Mesopotamia)

The Chaldeans (Babylonians) ranked the visible planets by apparent speed as seen from Earth:

🔭 Apparent Speed (slowest to fastest):

This order was considered cosmic hierarchy.

⏳ Step 2: The Planetary Hour Rule

The ancients divided each day into 24 hours, and each hour was ruled by one planet in the Chaldean order, looping in cycles of 7.

Example: Start with Saturday (Saturn day)

Hour 1 → Saturn 
Hour 2 → Jupiter 
Hour 3 → Mars 
Hour 4 → Sun 
Hour 5 → Venus 
Hour 6 → Mercury 
Hour 7 → Moon 
Hour 8 → Saturn 
 … (repeat through all 24 hours)

Now, the planet that rules the first hour of the next day gives the name of the next weekday.

Let’s trace it:

🪐 Planetary Hours:

This gives the exact modern weekday order!

🤯 So Why Not Use Physical Distance Order?

If we went by actual distance from the Sun, we’d expect:

☿ Mercury — Wednesday
♀ Venus — Friday
♂ Mars — Tuesday
♃ Jupiter — Thursday
♄ Saturn — Saturday

But ancient people didn’t know planetary heliocentric distances. They worked with what they saw: the motion and brightness of planets in the night sky.

🪐 Weekday Assignment via Planetary Hour Cycle

🧩 Notice the Pattern:

  • The next day’s first hour is always the planet 4 steps ahead in the Chaldean loop.
  • That leapfrogging gives the familiar weekday sequence.

✅ Final Weekday Order

Independent Discovery or Cosmic Coincidence?

What’s truly astonishing is that the same logic appears in ancient India.

  • The Indian system of Hora (hour) and Grahas (planet-deities) aligns with this same structure.
  • Even the order of weekdays in Sanskrit — Ravivāra (Sunday), Somavāra (Monday), Mangalavāra (Tuesday)… matches the planetary week.

Some historians believe this was due to cultural transmission after the Indo-Greek contact (~2nd century BCE). Others argue for independent development, based on the universal visibility and movement of planets.

Either way, both civilizations used math and observed the same sky — and found the same cosmic rhythm.

Final Reflection: We All Looked Up at the Same Sky

🧭 The Same Sky Leads to Similar Observations

Every ancient civilization — from Babylon to India to China — looked at the same seven bright celestial bodies:

→ Indians, like Babylonians, watched the night sky meticulously, tracking these over centuries.

📚 Indian Textual Evidence

  • The Vedanga Jyotisha (~1200 BCE or earlier) shows knowledge of lunar and solar cycles and intercalation.
  • Later texts like Surya Siddhanta, Yavanajataka, and Brihat Samhita detail planetary orbits, speeds, and calendrical logic.
  • The Indian names of days reflect the same planetary lords:

This shows a structured planetary week in line with Chaldean logic.

🌍Why the Same Order?

Because both civilizations:

  • Recognized 7 major bodies visible to the naked eye.
  • Noted the relative speeds of those bodies:
  • Moon fastest → Mercury → Venus → Sun → Mars → Jupiter → Saturn slowest.
  • Built cosmic, religious, and temporal frameworks around this.

→ Even if Chaldean influence shaped details, the concept itself could have emerged naturally in both.

Terms in Indian tradition:

  • Each day was divided into 8 parts or 60 ghatis (24 modern hours ≈ 60 ghatis). 
  • Each part could be governed by a graha (planetary deity).
  • Texts like the Surya Siddhanta and later treatises describe planetary periods and lords governing horas (hours).

Hora is the Sanskrit word from which the English word “hour” comes. 
And in Indian astrology, Hora is also ruled by a planet.

So even in Vedic and later Hindu astrology, the planet ruling the first hora (hour) of the day became the ruler of that day — just like in the Chaldean system.

🔄 So Did India Use the Leapfrog Method?

They may not have diagrammed it like modern historians do with a 7-point star or “leap every 3” logic, but:

They divided the day into planetary hours (horas) 
They followed the same order of speed (Chaldean) 
They assigned weekday names based on the planet ruling the first hour

Which means: They arrived at the same leapfrog result, even if they conceptualized it in their own framework rooted in hora and graha systems.

🧭 Independent but Convergent

So Indian astrologers, perhaps without Chaldean diagrams, arrived at the same planetary-week cycle through:

  • Careful observation of planetary motion
  • Assignment of planetary rulers to horas
  • Structuring the first hora after sunrise as the day’s planetary lord
  • And rotating through the 7 in order of apparent speed

Despite cultural and conceptual differences, the math of 7 repeating grahas over a solar day produces the same weekday structure — naturally.

🧠 Summary Table

What makes this story so special isn’t just the math. It’s the shared human instinct to find order in the cosmos.

Across deserts and jungles, temples and ziggurats, priest-astronomers assigned divine meaning to motion. They saw the sky as a clock, and in doing so, they gave us the very names we still use today.

Sunday, Monday, Tuesday…

These aren’t just days. They’re the legacy of our ancestors watching the heavens.


Sources & Further Reading:
  • Neugebauer, O. The Exact Sciences in Antiquity
  • Pingree, D. History of Mathematical Astronomy in India
  • Yavanajataka, 2nd century CE Greek-Indian astrological text
  • Encyclopaedia Britannica: Planetary Week